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Pneumocystis, an important opportunistic fungal pathogen that parasitizes in multiple mammalian lungs, may cause life-threatening Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) and even death among immunocompromised individuals. With the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing and multi-omics technologies, systematic comparative analyses of genome, transcriptome, and whole-genome sequencing results demonstrate that Pneumocystis is a type of obligate biotrophic fungi, and requires obtaining nutrition from hosts. In addition, sexual reproduction is an essential process for Pneumocystis survival, production and transmission, and asexual reproduction facilitates Pneumocystis survival, which provides new insights into understanding of the whole developmental process of Pneumocystis in the host lung and inter-host transmission of Pneumocystis. This review summarizes the advances in the reproduction mode of Pneumocystis and underlying mechanisms, which provides insights into prevention and treatment of PCP, notably for the prophylaxis against nosocomial transmission of PCP.
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Objective@#Sex differences have been observed in many aspects of schizophrenia, including cognitive deficits. Despite extensive research into the relationship between metabolic factors and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, few studies have explored the potential sex difference in their association. @*Methods@#We recruited 358 schizophrenia patients and 231 healthy controls. The participants underwent measurements of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose. Metabolic risk factors included abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. A collection of these metabolic risk factors has been defined as metabolic syndrome. These diagnoses were based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III. Cognitive performance was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). A descriptive analysis, difference analysis, and linear regression model were used to identify the metabolic risk factors for cognitive function in schizophrenia. @*Results@#Our findings revealed sex differences in the rate of abdominal obesity and hypertension in schizophrenic patients. Additionally, we observed sex differences in the association between metabolic risk factors and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. Specifically, hyperglycemia was associated with the immediate memory index score of RBANS in male patients, while dyslipidemia was associated with language, attention, delayed memory index scores, and RBANS total score in female patients. @*Conclusion@#Our results suggest that sex should be considered when evaluating the impact of metabolic disorders on the cognitive function of schizophrenic patients. Moreover, our study identifies hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia as potential targets for precise treatment by sex stratification, which could benefit the improvement of cognitive impairment in schizophrenic patients.
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ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of standardized blood pressure measurement in consulting room （SBPM） model on blood pressure screening of non-hypertensive patients in community. MethodsFour communities were randomly selected from Fengxian District of Shanghai， and non-hypertensive patients in the communities were included for screening. Based on the communities， participants were further classified into the intervention group and control group. A one-year intervention study was conducted from January 1， 2021 to December 31， 2021. The intervention group received the intervention measures of standardized measurement， and the control group remained the routine measurement. The distribution of blood pressure values and last digit of the values between the intervention group and control group were tested using Chi-square test and normality test. Then changes in abnormal blood pressure rate before and after the intervention were determined by double difference method. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. ResultsA total of 15 368 participants were included in the intervention group， and 19 811 participants in the control group. After the intervention， range of the last digit of blood pressure values in the intervention group was 9.55%‒10.41%， of which that of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were equally distributed （P=0.932 and 0.871， respectively）. The range of the last digit in the control group was 1.31%‒42.58%， of which that of systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed unequal distribution （P<0.001）. Through one-year standardized measurement intervention， the abnormal rate of blood pressure in the intervention group was 26.29%， which was 7.61 times as high as that in the control group （OR=7.55， 95%CI： 6.75‒8.57， P<0.001）. ConclusionStandardized blood pressure measurement in consulting room is suitable for the screening of blood pressure measurement in community， which has higher data quality than that of routine measurement.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of plasma SEPT9 gene methylation combined with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of 219 patients with colorectal diseases in Baoji Central Hospital and Yunnan Province New Kun Hua Hospital from May 2018 to October 2021 were selected, including 149 cases of colorectal cancer and 70 cases of colorectal polyp diagnosed by pathology. A total of 100 healthy people in the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The methylation of SEPT9 gene in plasma was measured by using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the levels of serum CEA and CA724 were measured by using electrochemiluminescence. The expressions of three indicators in each group were compared, and the effect of every single indicator and the combination of the three indicators on the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The positive rate of SEPT9 gene methylation in colorectal cancer group (74.50%, 111/149) was higher than that in colorectal polyp group (22.86%, 16/70) and healthy control group (1.00%, 1/100), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The positive rate of CEA in colorectal cancer group (46.98%, 70/149) was higher than that in colorectal polyp group (40.00%, 28/70) and the healthy control group (3.00%, 3/100) and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The positive rate of CA724 in colorectal cancer group (38.93%, 58/149) was higher than that in colorectal polyp group (32.86%, 23/70) and the healthy control group (2.00%, 2/100), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC of SEPT9 gene methylation, CEA and CA724 in the single diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 0.823 (95% CI 0.753-0.891), 0.788 (95% CI 0.725-0.852) and 0.689 (95% CI 0.624-0.754), respectively. The optimal cut-off Ct value of SEPT9 gene methylation in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 36.5, the sensitivity was 90.30%, and the positive predictive value was 84.68%, which were higher than those of CEA and CA724. The optimal cut-off value of CEA in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 8.80 ng/ml, and the specificity (77.50%) and negative predictive value (78.48%) were higher than those of SEPT9 gene methylation and CA724. The sensitivity (97.66%), positive predictive value (93.98%), negative predictive value (81.25%) and AUC (0.846, 95% CI 0.749-0.944) of the combined detection of the three indexes taking the optimal cut-off value of every single indicator were higher than those of the single indicator. Conclusions:The combined detection of plasma SEPT9 gene methylation, CEA and CA724 in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer has high sensitivity and accuracy. The three combined detection can complement each other and improve the diagnostic efficiency, which is of high clinical value for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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The paper introduces professor MA Hui-fang's experience in age-related macular degeneration treated with acupuncture at Jingming (BL 1). It is believed that the basic pathogenesis of this disease refers to liver and kidney insufficiency and weakness of spleen qi. Based on the academic ideas of yang qi and meridian-collateral system, the treatment principle is proposed as "invigorating yang qi, replenishing the liver and kidney and nourishing the spleen and stomach". Regarding acupoint selection, Jingming (BL 1) is specially used, combined with the 4 front-mu points (Zhongwan [CV 12], Guanyuan [CV 4] and bilateral Tianshu [ST 25]), as well as the empirical points for eye diseases (Jingming [BL 1], Baihui [GV 20] and Zulinqi [GB 41]). Concerning to needling technique, shuci (transport needling), fenci (intermuscular needling) and yuandaoci (distal needling) are dominated. Eventually, a set of unique therapeutic method has been accumulated through professor MA Hui-fang's clinical practice in treatment of age-related macular degeneration.
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Humans , Acupuncture , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Macular Degeneration/therapy , MeridiansABSTRACT
Objective:To explore whether the introduction of web problem based learning (WPBL) teaching method in medical humanities English class under the background of new medical science is helpful to the course learning and the improvement of students' humanistic quality.Methods:Taking 602 students from Batch 2017 clinical medicine in Xi'an Medical University as the experimental group and 610 students from Batch 2018 as the control group, the research lasting a semester was carried out around eight modules. The control group adopted the traditional teaching mode, while the experimental group used the WPBL mode for teaching relying on the Blue Pigeon Cloud Network Language Learning Platform. After teaching, through comparing the final exam results and issuing self-made questionnaires, the teaching effects of the two methods on students' self-study ability, thinking ability, teamwork ability and knowledge application ability were compared. The data were statistically processed by SPSS 20.0.Results:The final average score of the experimental group (62.13±2.11) was higher than that of the control group (60.42±2.03), with significant differences ( P < 0.05). According to the statistical analysis of the questionnaire, there were differences between the two groups in evaluating the teaching effect, and the proportion of the experimental group was over 60%, significantly higher than that of the control group. 93.3% of the students in the experimental group were satisfied with the WPBL teaching method, while only 43.0% of the students in the control group were satisfied with the traditional teaching method, showing a significant difference between them. The evaluation of students in the experimental group were higher than the control group in terms of self-study ability, data access ability, knowledge exploration ability, language expression ability and problem finding and solving ability. 91.1% of students in the experimental group believed that the introduction of WPBL teaching mode in the course would help to improve their medical humanistic quality, which was significantly higher than the proportion of students in the control group. Conclusion:The empirical study shows that the introduction of WPBL teaching method in medical humanities English course can not only enable students to master learning skills, but also strengthen students' humanistic quality, thus promoting the development of medical education.
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(-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, which has shown anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-radiation, anti-mutant, anti-cancer and anti-fibrotic actions, and has shown improvements of diabetes, obesity, asthma, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and central nervous system disorders. In addition, EGCG is reported to enhance the human immunity. Recently, EGCG has been found to play a vital role in infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. The review summarizes the progress of researches on anti-infective properties of EGCG, so as to elucidate the potential role of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Objective:To investigate the differences of resting-state spontaneous neural activity between smoking addicted teenagers and healthy non-smokers.Methods:In the current study, the percent amplitude of fluctuation (perAF) approach was applied to explore the differences of resting-state spontaneous neural activity between smoking addicted teenagers and healthy non-smokers.Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationships between the altered perAF values and smoking years, fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and pack-years of smokers.Results:Compared with healthy non-smokers, smoking addicted teenagers showed increased perAF values in the parahippocampal gyrus (smoking addicted teenagers: 2.026 5±0.516 7, nonsmokers: 0.781 6±0.148 9), middle temporal gyrus (smoking addicted teenagers: 0.796 7±0.203 2, nonsmokers: 0.545 5±0.134 1), and superior frontal gyrus (smoking addicted teenagers: 2.734 5±0.372 8, nonsmokers: 1.962 4±0.416 8) (all P<0.001). It was noteworthy that the perAF values of the parahippocampal gyrus were negatively correlated with smoking years of smoking addicted teenagers( r=-0.6007, P=0.0084). Conclusion:Compared with healthy non-smokers, the resting-state regional neural activity in smoking addicted teenagers was altered, mainly manifested as increased perAF value in the parahippocampal gyrus, which is correlated with smoking years of smoking addicted teenagers.These findings may help us understanding neural mechanisms underlying nicotine addiction of smoking addicted teenagers.
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Objective:To investigate the expression level of TRPM7 in breast cancer tissues and adjacent carcinoma tissues and to analyze its clinicalpathological characteristics.Methods:The expressions of TRPM7 in 87 breast cancer and 47 adjacent tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, and then the relationship between expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.Results:The positive rate of TRPM7 in breast cancer tissues was 66.7%, significantly higher than that in para-cancer tissues (10.6%) ( P<0.001) . Meanwhile, TRPM7 expression was much higher in those with tumor diameter≥2 cm ( P=0.023) , TNM stage III ( P=0.001) and lymph node metastasis ( P=0.015) . The expression of TRPM7 has nothing to do with patients’ age ( P=0.455) or histological grade ( P=0.577) . Conclusions:High expression of TRPM7 is associated with the development of breast cancer. TRPM7 may become a potential biological indicator to monitor the prognosis of breast cancer in the future.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acupuncture on serum inflammatory cytokines and intestinal flora in rats with stress-induced gastric ulcer (SGU), and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture in the treatment of SGU. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank, model, acupuncture, and medication groups, with 7 rats in each group. Restraint water-immersion stress was used to establish the model of SGU. The rats in the acupuncture group were given acupuncture at "Zhongwan"(CV12) and bilateral "Zusanli"(ST36) for 20 min, once a day for 5 days, and those in the medication group were given 2 mL solution of Omeprazole enteric-coated tablets (0.2 mg/kg) by gavage, once a day for 5 days. The Guth method was used to calculate the gastric mucosa damage index, HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the gastric mucosa, ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and 16S rDNA sequencing method was used to observe the change in intestinal flora. RESULTS: Compared with the blank group, the model group had a significant increase in gastric mucosa damage index (P<0.01), markedly pathological changes of the gastric mucosa shown by HE staining, a significant reduction in the content of serum IL-4 (P<0.01), and a significant increase in the content of serum IL-6 (P<0.01), as well as a significant reduction in Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes at the phylum level. Compared with the model group, the acupuncture group and the medication group had a significant reduction in gastric mucosa damage index (P<0.01, P<0.05). HE staining showed reduced pathological changes of the gastric mucosa, as well as a significant increase in the content of serum IL-4 (P<0.01, P<0.05) and a significant reduction in the content of serum IL-6 (P<0.01, P<0.05). As for the intestinal flora, there was a significant increase in Bacteroidetes. Compared with the medication group, the gastric mucosa damage index was decreased （P<0.05），the content of serum IL-4 was significantly increased （P<0.05）, while the content of serum IL-6 significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the acupuncture group. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture at CV12 and ST36 can down-regulate the content of serum IL-6, up-regulate the content of serum IL-4, maintain the relative homeostasis of inflammatory cytokines, and regulate the community structure of intestinal flora, and thus help to repair the damage of gastric mucosa.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) on intestinal flora in rats with stress gastric ulcer (SGU) , and to explore the mechanism of acupuncture promoting SGU recovery.@*METHODS@#Thirty-one SPF SD rats were randomly divided into a control group (7 rats), a model control group (8 rats), an acupuncture group (8 rats) and a medication group (8 rats). The rats in the model group, acupuncture group and medication group were selected to applied the improved restraint water-immersion stress method to establish the SGU model. After modeling, the rats in the control group and model group were fixed and restrained for 20 min every day for a total of 5 days; the rats in the acupuncture group were intervented with acupuncture at "Baihui" (GV 20), "Zhongwan" (CV 12) and "Zusanli" (ST 36), once a day, 20 min each time, and twisting needle for 30 s every 5 min for a total of 5 days; the rats in the medication group were gavaged by solution of omeprazole enteric-coated tablet (200 mg/mL), 2 mL for each rat, once a day. Guth method was used to calculate the gastric mucosal damage index (GMDI), HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of gastric mucosa, and 16SrDNA identification was used to detect the structural abundance of intestinal flora.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control group, the GMDI of rats in the model group was increased (<0.01), the gastric mucosal pathological changes were significant, and the intestinal flora richness index Chao1, Observed species and diversity index Shannon were all decreased (<0.05), the diversity index Simpson was increased (<0.05). Compared with the model group, the GMDI of rats in the acupuncture group and medication group was reduced (<0.01, <0.05), the gastric mucosal damage degree was reduced, and the intestinal flora richness index Chao1, Observed species and diversity index Shannon were all increased (<0.05) and the diversity index Simpson decreased (<0.05). Compared with the medication group, the GMDI of rats in the acupuncture group was reduced (<0.01), the recovery of gastric mucosal injury was better than that of the medication group.@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture can effectively improve gastric mucosal injury of SGU, and the mechanism may be related to increasing the diversity of intestinal flora and promoting the correction of the disordered intestinal flora.
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Animals , Rats , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Gastrointestinal Microbiome , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Stomach Ulcer , Microbiology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the influence of humanistic management atmosphere on nurses′ intention to stay in hospital, so as to provide reference for stabilizing nursing team.Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to investigate 1 044 clinical nurses in 5 tertiary hospitals in Shandong province by using the general information questionnaire, nurses′ perception of humanistic management questionnaire and nurses′ intention to stay questionnaire in May 2019.Four dimensions of demographic factors and nurses′ perception of hospital humanistic management were used as independent variables, and the total score of nurses′ intention to stay was used as dependent variable for stepwise regression analysis.Results:The total scores of humanistic management perception and intention to stay were 166.70±29.42 and 23.30±4.29 respectively. There was a positive correlation between humanistic management perception and intention to stay( P<0.05). The three dimensions of human management perception, emotional management perception and cultural management perception, as well as the professional title, working years and employment form could explain 27.5% of variation. Conclusions:The nurses′ intention to stay is in the middle and upper level, which is related to the hospital′s humanistic management. The perception of humanistic management of nurses has a positive predictive effect on the intention to stay, especially in talent management, emotional management and cultural management. Hospital managers should improve the humanistic management mode, enhance nurses′ perception of humanistic management in order to stabilize the nursing team and improve nurses′ intention to stay.
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Objective To investigate the pathogenicity of Pneumocystis and its association with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The rat model of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) was induced by intraperitoneal injection with dexamethasone, which was confirmed by pathogenic detection. The pathologic changes of rat lung specimens were examined using conventional HE staining, and the expression of inflammatory cells were detected by flow cytometry in bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and splenic tissues of the rat model of PCP. In addition, the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and MMP-9 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Fusion and atrophy of alveolar spaces and hyperplasia of lung tissue were seen in the lung specimens of the rat model of PCP, and foam-like alveolar exudates and infiltration of inflammation cells were observed in the alveolar space, while severe infections exhibited consolidation of lung, which was similar to pathological features of COPD. The counts of CD8+ T lymphocytes (t = −7.920 and −12.514, P < 0.01), macrophages (t = −7.651 and −14.590, P < 0.01) and granulocytes (t = −10.310 and −16.578, P < 0.01) significantly increased and the counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes (t = 6.427 and 18.579, P < 0.01) significantly reduced in the BALF and splenic specimens of the rats with PCP relative to those without PCP. In addition, higher serum MMP-8 (t = −8.689, P < 0.01) and MMP-9 levels (t = −7.041, P < 0.01) were measured in rats with PCP than in those without PCP. Conclusion Pneumocystis infection may be associated with the development and progression of COPD.
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Objective To investigate the pathogenicity of Pneumocystis and its association with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The rat model of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) was induced by intraperitoneal injection with dexamethasone, which was confirmed by pathogenic detection. The pathologic changes of rat lung specimens were examined using conventional HE staining, and the expression of inflammatory cells were detected by flow cytometry in bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and splenic tissues of the rat model of PCP. In addition, the serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and MMP-9 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Fusion and atrophy of alveolar spaces and hyperplasia of lung tissue were seen in the lung specimens of the rat model of PCP, and foam-like alveolar exudates and infiltration of inflammation cells were observed in the alveolar space, while severe infections exhibited consolidation of lung, which was similar to pathological features of COPD. The counts of CD8+ T lymphocytes (t = −7.920 and −12.514, P < 0.01), macrophages (t = −7.651 and −14.590, P < 0.01) and granulocytes (t = −10.310 and −16.578, P < 0.01) significantly increased and the counts of CD4+ T lymphocytes (t = 6.427 and 18.579, P < 0.01) significantly reduced in the BALF and splenic specimens of the rats with PCP relative to those without PCP. In addition, higher serum MMP-8 (t = −8.689, P < 0.01) and MMP-9 levels (t = −7.041, P < 0.01) were measured in rats with PCP than in those without PCP. Conclusion Pneumocystis infection may be associated with the development and progression of COPD.
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Despite the numerous advances in cardiovasular diseasec(CVD) prevention and control during the past decades, it remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, which is a huge burden for global health care.Because of the high cost and side effects of the drugs, it is necessary to find novel, cost-effective and efficient inventions for CVD prevention.Unhealthy lifestyles contribute as a risk factor, such as unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, tobacco, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia and psychosocial stress.To date, numerous studies have reported the benefit of meditation on health.This review discussed the effect of meditation on cardiovascular risks, including stress, blood pressure, smoking, alcohol drinking and atherosclerosis, as well as the effect on telomere.This review limited to sitting meditation alone (yoga, Qigong, and tai chi were excluded) to reduce the confounding influence of the effects of physical therapies.Overall, meditation showed possible benefits on reduction of cardiovascular risks and improved telomerase activity, although limitations on sample size, quality and methodology are included in current studies.Given its accessibility, low-cost and low-risk, meditation might serve as an adjunct to treatment and prevention of CVD.Since the limitations of current studies, further researches are needed to be established to confirm the benefit of meditation on cardiovascular disease.
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Despite the numerous advances in cardiovasular diseasec (CVD) prevention and control during the past decades,it remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide,which is a huge burden for global health care.Because of the high cost and side effects of the drugs,it is necessary to find novel,cost-effective and efficient inventions for CVD prevention.Unhealthy lifestyles contribute as a risk factor,such as unhealthy diet,sedentary lifestyle,tobacco,alcohol,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia and psychosocial stress.To date,numerous studies have reported the benefit of meditation on health.This review discussed the effect of meditation on cardiovascular risks,including stress,blood pressure,smoking,alcohol drinking and atherosclerosis,as well as the effect on telomere.This review limited to sitting meditation alone (yoga,Qigong,and tai chi were excluded) to reduce the confounding influence of the effects of physical therapies.Overall,meditation showed possible benefits on reduction of cardiovascular risks and improved telomerase activity,although limitations on sample size,quality and methodology are included in current studies.Given its accessibility,low-cost and low-risk,meditation might serve as an adjunct to treatment and prevention of CVD.Since the limitations of current studies,further researches are needed to be established to confirm the benefit of meditation on cardiovascular disease.
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Spargana were collected from human and frogs in Liaoning and Hubei Provinces, China. PCR amplification and direct sequencing of A cox1 fragment was PCR-amplified from genomic DNA extracted from 7 specimens (5 from humans and 2 from frogs). The cox1 fragment (390 bp) showed 97–100% similarity to the reference sequence of S. erinaceieuropaei and 88–89% to the reference sequence of S. decipiens. There were 1–12 bases different between these worms, but no obvious genetic variation (0–3.3%) to the references. There was little difference of cox1 gene between sparganum samples of humans and frogs (1–3%). This study is the first report on S. erinaceieuropaei spargana from humans in Liaoning and Hubei Provinces.
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Humans , China , DNA , Genetic Variation , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sparganum , SpirometraABSTRACT
Objective To compare Glasgow-Blatchford score (GBS) with full Rockall score system (full RS) in predicting clinical outcomes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding(UGIB).Methods Four hundred hospitalized UGIB patients were enrolled in this study in Baoji Central Hospital from March 2014 to June 2016. Patients were scored by full RS and GBS,respectively.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis was used to compare the predictive values of the two score systems for mortality,re-bleeding,transfusion,ICU admission and endoscopic intervention. Results Thirty-eight cases were lost in follow-up. The one-month mortality rate, re-bleeding rate, blood transfusion rate, ICU admission rate and endoscopic intervention rate of 362 patients were 11.6%, 9.4%, 17.7%, 13.3% and 16.0%, respectively. GBS showed better predictive values in ICU admission (AUC=0.731, P=0.009), re-bleeding (AUC=0.707, P=0.019), blood transfusion (AUC=0.704, P=0.021) and endoscopic intervention (AUC=0.742, P=0.006). Full RS showed better predictive values in one-month mortality (AUC=0.681, P=0.040). There was significant difference in predicting value of clinical outcomes of UGIB by ROC curve between GBS and full-RS systems (P<0.05). Conclusion The GBS system is more suitable for predicting clinical outcomes of ICU admission, re-bleeding, blood transfusion and endoscopic intervention in patients of UGIB.The full-RS system is more suitable for predicting one-month mortality of UGIB patients.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of oxaliplatin induced autophagy on drug resistance of gastric cancer cells. Methods Gastric cancer SGC7901 cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of oxaliplatin. Control group (oxaliplatin 0 μmol/ L),oxaliplatin treatment groups (oxaliplatin 1,2,4 μmol/ L)and oxaliplatin combined with doxorubicin groups (oxaliplatin 0,1,2,4 μmol/ L + doxoru-bicin 4 μmol/ L)were set up. Cells were treated with different conditions for 24 hours. Western blotting and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression of autophagy-related molecule Beclin-1. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)assay was used to detect the cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the uptake of doxorubicin in SGC7901 cells. Results The expression of Beclin-1 increased in gastric cancer cells treated with oxaliplatin. The percentages of positive cells treated with 1,2 and 4 μmol/ L oxaliplatin were respectively (9. 51 ± 0. 27)％,(13. 73 ± 0. 80)％ and (20. 17 ± 1. 03)％,control group was (2. 17 ± 0. 15)％,and the difference was statistically significant (F = 111. 10,P < 0. 001). Compared with the control group,Beclin-1 expression significantly increased in each treatment group (P < 0. 05;P < 0. 001;P < 0. 001). Different con-centrations of 1,2,4 μmol/ L oxaliplatin combined with doxorubicin were used to treat gastric cancer SGC7901 cells,fluorescence intensities of doxorubicin were 11567 ± 802,13433 ± 808,15967 ± 472,control group was 10257 ± 367,and the difference was statistically significant (F = 79. 81,P < 0. 001). Compared with the control group,the fluorescence intensity of doxorubicin significantly increased in each treatment group (P <0. 05;P < 0. 001;P < 0. 001 ). After treatment with oxaliplatin (1,2,4 μmol/ L)and doxorubicin (4 μmol/ L)for 24 hours,the cell viability levels were (68. 27 ± 1. 64)％,(51. 72 ± 1. 93)％,(39. 60 ± 1. 80)％ respectively. The cell viability levels of oxaliplatin treated with 1,2 and 4 μmol/ L were respectively (93. 70 ± 1. 15)％,(76. 53 ± 1. 10)％,(74. 00 ± 1. 65)％ . Compared with oxaliplatin alone,oxaliplatin combined with doxorubicin decreased cell viability more obviously,and the differences were statistically signifi-cant (t = 8. 91,P < 0. 001;t = 9. 21,P < 0. 001;t = 10. 34,P < 0. 001). The doxorubicin fluorescence inten-sity of oxaliplatin (2 μmol/ L)combined with doxorubicin (4 μmol/ L)group with pretreatment of autophagy inhibitor was 16898 ± 105,oxaliplatin combined with doxorubicin group was 22245 ± 168,and doxorubicin alone group was 17562 ± 67,and the difference was statistically significant (F = 92. 16,P < 0. 001). Com-pared with the pretreatment group,the doxorubicin fluorescence intensity of oxaliplatin combined with doxorubi-cin group was significantly increased (P < 0. 001). On the other hand,the cell viability levels of the above three groups were (81. 33 ± 3. 54)％,(65. 00 ± 2. 61)％ and (101. 02 ± 3. 58)％,and the difference was statistically significant (F = 90. 66,P < 0. 001). Compared with the pretreatment group,the cell viability level of oxaliplatin combined with doxorubicin group was significantly lower (P < 0. 001). Conclusion Oxaliplatin can reduce the resistance of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapeutics by increasing the level of autophagy in gastric cancer cells,and improve the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy drugs.
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Objective To explore the relationship between serum pepsinogen (PG), PGⅡ, PG ratio (PGR), gastrin 17 (G17) and gastric cancer, and to provide the basis for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods Two hundred and forty-eight cases of gastric disease diagnosed with gastroscopy in Baoji Central Hospital from December 2015 to February 2017 were selected as study subjects. According to the results of histopathology, the patients were divided into 4 groups: gastric cancer group (47 cases), chronic atrophic gastritis group (52 cases), chronic non-atrophic gastritis group (81 cases), gastric ulcer group (68 cases). Meanwhile, 50 cases healthy people were enrolled as the control group. The levels of serum PGⅠ, PGⅡ and G17 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The levels of PGⅠ and PGR in gastric cancer group were lower than those in other groups [PGⅠ: (43±7) vs. (47±7), (69±14), (75±17), (112±22) μg/L; PGR: 5.6±0.5 vs. 10.3±2.6, 10.5±2.5, 11.9±2.7, 14.6± 3.5], and there was a significant difference (PGⅠ: F= 58.42, P = 0.000; PGR: F= 6.15, P = 0.034). The level of serum G17 in gastric cancer group was significantly higher than that in other groups [(43.8±4.3) vs. (22.4±3.6), (10.7±2.1), (13.2±2.4), (5.8±1.3) pmol/L, F= 43.22, P = 0.000]; The PGⅠ, PGR and G17 combined detection of sensitivity(88.6 %), specificity(97.5 %), area under the curve(0.986) was significantly higher than that of single detection(78.3 %, 89.0 %, 88.4 %; 72.9 %, 87.0 %, 73.2 %; 0.848, 0.912, 0.923, respectively; χ2= 7.86, 6.42, 9.10; P = 0.019, 0.044, 0.012). The regression equation provided a basis for confirmation or exclusion of gastric cancer. Conclusions Serum PGⅠ, PGR, G17 and gastric cancer has a good correlation. Combined detection of serum PGⅠ, PGR and G17 could be used for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric cancer.